PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.